The Manifestation of Green Innovation in Sporting Goods Manufacturing Companies: Application of Q Methodology

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Futures studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.

2 Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.

Abstract

The growing necessity for sustainable development in sports goods manufacturing companies, given their potential role in national economic growth, has led to increased attention toward green innovation. Green innovation represents an approach that emphasizes innovation while addressing environmental challenges. This study aimed to analyze experts' perspectives on green innovation in these companies. Employing the Q-methodology, the research adopted an exploratory mixed-methods design. To address the main research question, two key steps were taken: first, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify statements constituting the discourse field; second, Q-factor analysis was performed. Data collection involved documentary research in the first phase and field studies (Q-questionnaire) in the second phase. The questionnaire, developed based on the literature and presented in a quasi-normal distribution grid, was validated in terms of reliability and validity. Experts were then asked to rank the indicators derived from the initial phase. The theoretical population consisted of academic experts and executives in the sports goods industry, selected based on specific criteria, including familiarity with key research concepts, over five years of professional experience, and a master’s degree or higher. Ultimately, 20 experts were selected through purposive chain-referral sampling. The findings from their rankings of 31 Q-statements revealed four distinct mental models: future-oriented industry, reactive industry, learning industry, and smart industry. Among these, the future-oriented industry emerged as the dominant perspective. Each model reflects a unique viewpoint on the manifestation of green innovation in sports goods manufacturing companies. Key factors derived from these mental models include forecasting future market demands and societal needs, environmental awareness among stakeholders and society, resource sharing and knowledge transfer through collaboration, and the adoption of advanced technologies.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Education and Management of Entrepreneurship

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 30 October 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 03 August 2025
  • Revise Date: 13 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 30 October 2025

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